There are two types of bedrock that lie under Oak Island the southeastern portion consists of " Mississippian Windsor Group limestone" and gypsum, while the northwestern part is Cambro-Ordovician Halifax Formation slate. Researchers Les MacPhie, and John Wonnacott concluded that the deep deposits at the east end of the Island make up the drumlin formations. In the main area that has been searched for treasure along with the till lie bits of anhydrite, which become more competent deeper down. The former of these two is considered a type of clay till which is made up of 50% sand, 30% silt, and 20% clay. The layers on top of the bedrock are mainly made up of "Lawrencetown" and slate till. These drumlins are "elongated hills" which consist of multiple layers of till resting on bedrock, and are from different phases of glacial advance that span the past 75,000 years. Goldthwait, of the Geological Survey of Canada, who interpreted the island as a composite of four drumlins. The geology of Oak Island was first mapped in 1924 by J. Efforts to restore their habitat such as curbing the population of other bird species have been undertaken. On a particular note is the Roseate tern, which is considered an endangered species in the area that is protected by the Canadian government. In addition, non-specific eagles and puffins are also mentioned. Wildlife in the Mahone Bay area includes great blue herons, black guillemots, osprey, Leach's storm petrels, and razorbills. Oak Island is made up of a temperate broadleaf and mixed forest, known regionally as the New England/Acadian forests. These coasts are also vulnerable to powerful storms which include nor'easters and hurricanes. The island and surrounding coasts can be hidden in fog for as many as 90 days a year. The average annual temperature given in Bridgewater is 7.1 ☌ (44.8 ☏), while the precipitation runs at 1,536.7 millimetres (60.50 in). While there is no weather station on the island, or along Mahone Bay, there is one towards the west in the town of Bridgewater.
The majority of Nova Scotia is a Humid continental climate with hot and humid summers, and cold or frigid winters.
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